Lead-acid power batteries: These offer advantages such as high open-circuit voltage, low cost, reliable operation, and good performance during high-current discharge; however, they suffer from significant pollution issues and a relatively low specific energy.
Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) power batteries: These feature mature technology, tolerance to overcharging and overdischarging, and good safety. On the other hand, their high chemical reactivity necessitates demanding encapsulation techniques, and their charge-discharge efficiency decreases at high temperatures.
Lithium-ion power batteries: These are characterized by high specific energy, low self-discharge, long cycle life, the absence of a "memory effect," and environmental friendliness. Depending on the materials used, they can be categorized into types such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate, each with its own distinct advantages and disadvantages.
Other novel materials: For instance, fuel cells offer high energy conversion efficiency and zero pollution; however, they must be used in conjunction with supercapacitors to meet specific operating temperature requirements.
